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Rosen was a frequent visitor to the as a child.

 (1847鈥�1917), produced moody works with allegorical subjects, including (1892).

Albert Pinkham Ryder, The Tempest, 1892. Oil on canvas. Collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts.

(1883鈥�1935) was known for his watercolors and oils, and moved in creative circles with artists such as Georgia O鈥橩eeffe, Arthur Dove, and Marsden Hartley, and writers including William Carlos Williams, Gertrude Stein, Eugene O鈥橬eill, and Wallace Stevens. Rosen saw Demuth鈥檚 painting (1927) in a traveling exhibition at the DIA.

Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927. Oil, chalk, and graphite on composition board. Collection of the Whitney Museum of American Art.

Rosen studied at .

 (1910鈥�1962) was a major figure in the movement in American painting.

 (1908鈥�1991), taught at The Cooper Union for 42 years. He was friendly with Kline, Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, Raoul Hague, and Phillip Guston, and his students included Eva Hesse and Milton Glaser.

(1780鈥�1867) was a French Neoclassical painter whose output included about 450 exquisite portrait drawings.

Rosen鈥檚 emphasis on setting aside an 鈥渁mple reserve鈥� for the observer in a work of art draws on the Hellenistic Jewish scholar Philo and the Biblical book of Genesis.

(20 BCE鈥�50 CE), active in Alexandria, Egypt, attempted a synthesis of Jewish biblical exegesis and Hellenistic philosophy. Among his writings is a , who was sold into slavery by his brothers but later became the second-in-command to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Joseph achieved his position by interpreting a dream of the Pharaoh to mean grain should be set aside in reserve for a time of famine. also includes 鈥淥n Flight and Finding.鈥�

Classical Greek sculptor (5th c. BCE) composed a treatise (or 鈥�Kanon鈥�) laying out a model for representing the human form in sculpture based on ratios and symmetries of individual parts to each other and to the whole.

Giotto di Bondone, Madonna Ognissanti, c.1310. Tempera on panel. Collection of the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

Early Italian Renaissance painter (1266/7鈥�1337) helped to reintroduce a sense of naturalism to Western European art. The is a massive altarpiece painted on panel, over 10 feet in height. It now resides in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

Rosen鈥檚 1982 homage to this work, titled Madonna Enthroned, is in the collection of the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive at the University of California-Berkeley. A similar work mentioned by Fr. Dempsey, the Homage to Guido da Siena: La Maest脿, was included in the MOCRA exhibit The Artist and the Capable Observer. A on the uncanny presence of the work even while crated.

James Rosen, Madonna Enthroned, 1982-1984. Oil and wax/oil emulsion on canvas. Collection of the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive.

(1433鈥�1499) was a humanist philosopher of the early Italian Renaissance, noted especially for his recovery of the works of Plato.

(ca.204/5鈥�270 CE) is considered to be the founder of , a school of philosophy that had a strong influence on Hellenic, Gnostic, Christian, Jewish, and Islamic thought in the centuries to come. The writings of Plotinus were organized after his death into a collection called the . Central to his thought is 鈥渢he One鈥� or 鈥渢he Good,鈥� a First Principle of reality that transcends all Being, containing no division, multiplicity or distinction. Everything else (created reality as we experience it) emanates from the One. Each emanation (and subsequent emanations from earlier ones) is an imperfect reflection of its source.

Leonard Bocour (1910鈥�1993) founded Bocour Artist Colors in New York City in 1932 and became a paint supplier to many notable artists, including Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris 浪花直播, and Kenneth Noland. in the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.

Rosen distinguishes between the cold wax/oil emulsion product Bocour provided to him (similar to the ) and the more typical practice, in which pigment is added to heated beeswax.

is a property of liquids that allows them to mix completely and form a homogeneous solution. An is a mixture of two or more normally immiscible (unblendable) liquids.

is an artists鈥� community located on a 400-acre estate in Saratoga Springs, New York, that offers offers residencies to professional creative artists.

(1913鈥�1967) was an American painter who explored a number of styles but is perhaps best known for his square Black canvases from the last decade of his life. 

(1912鈥�1962) was an American abstract painter.

(1877鈥�1946) was an Italian-born, American Futurist painter, best known for depicting industrial America.

(1844鈥�1889), a Jesuit priest, was among the most innovative poets of the nineteenth century, with his metrical development called "sprung rhythm" and striking use of language and imagery. Rosen refers to Hopkin's concept of , which relates to the individual essence and uniqueness of every physical thing.

Hopkins in turn drew on the thought of medieval theologian and philosopher (ca.1265鈥�1308), who coined the term to denote "the discrete qualities, properties or characteristics of a thing which make it a particular thing."

The thirteenth-century  is famed as one of the best-preserved examples of French High Gothic architecture. As Rosen notes, it is particularly famed for its stained glass windows.

Don Emblen (1918鈥�2009) was a poet and teacher. He was honored as Sonoma County鈥檚 first poet laureate. .

Matthias Gr眉newald鈥檚 is among the best-known depictions of the crucifixion, and certainly among the grisliest.

Matthias Gr眉newald, Isenheim Altarpiece, ca.1512鈥�1516. Oil and tempera on limewood. Collection of Mus茅e Unterlinden.

In Rosen鈥檚 1974 Homage to Gr眉newald: The Isenheim Altarpiece, the details of the suffering are veiled and the body, while still conveying a sense of torturous pain, dissolves like wisps of incensing rising in sacrifice.

James Rosen, Homage to Gr眉newald: The Isenheim Altarpiece, 1974. Oil and wax/oil emulsion on canvas. Collection of the Flora Lamson Hewlett Library, Graduate Theological Union. 

This detail shows the upraised arm of Christ described by Rosen. The oil-wax/oil emulsion technique used by Rosen often leaves little visible evidence of his brushstrokes.

James Rosen, Homage to Gr眉newald: The Isenheim Altarpiece (detail), 1974. Oil and wax/oil emulsion on canvas. Collection of the Flora Lamson Hewlett Library, Graduate Theological Union.